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Child sexual abuse
Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities (regardless of the outcome), indecent exposure (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child, physical sexual contact with a child, or using a child to produce child pornography.〔〔
Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings, including home, school, or work (in places where child labor is common). Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse; UNICEF has stated that child marriage "represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls".〔http://www.unicef.org/chinese/protection/files/Child_Marriage.pdf〕 The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression,〔 post-traumatic stress disorder,〔 anxiety,〔 complex post-traumatic stress disorder, propensity to further victimization in adulthood,〔 and physical injury to the child, among other problems.〔 Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest.
The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7% for females and 7.9% for males.〔 Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims; approximately 30% are relatives of the child, most often brothers, fathers, uncles, or cousins; around 60% are other acquaintances, such as "friends" of the family, babysitters, or neighbors; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10% of child sexual abuse cases.〔 Most child sexual abuse is committed by men; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14% to 40% of offenses reported against boys and 6% of offenses reported against girls.〔〔
The word ''pedophile'' is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child,〔 but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children.〔 Under the law, ''child sexual abuse'' is an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Search )〕〔(The Sexual Exploitation of Children ), ''Chart 1: Definitions of Terms Associated With the Sexual Exploitation (SEC) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)'' (p. 4), University of Pennsylvania Center for Youth Policy Studies, U.S. National Institute of Justice, August 2001.〕 The American Psychiatric Association states that "children cannot consent to sexual activity with adults", and condemns any such action by an adult: "An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior."
==Effects==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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